Soap & Detergents
1. Soap cleans oily dirt mainly because soap molecules:
(A) Dissolve oil completely in water
(B) Form micelles around grease particles
(C) Convert oil into acid
(D) Increase the temperature of water
Answer: (B) Form micelles around grease particles
2. The structure formed by soap molecules around grease in water is called:
(A) Polymer
(B) Micelle
(C) Crystal
(D) Precipitate
Answer: (B) Micelle
3. Soap does not work effectively in hard water because it reacts with:
(A) Sodium ions
(B) Calcium and magnesium ions
(C) Chloride ions
(D) Hydrogen ions
Answer: (B) Calcium and magnesium ions
4. Detergents are generally better than soaps in hard water because they:
(A) Do not readily form insoluble scum with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺
(B) Contain no carbon
(C) Cannot dissolve in water
(D) Are always acidic
Answer: (A) Do not readily form insoluble scum with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺
Fertilizers
5. Fertilizers are mainly added to soil to:
(A) Increase soil temperature
(B) Supply essential nutrients to plants
(C) Remove all microorganisms
(D) Increase soil colour
Answer: (B) Supply essential nutrients to plants
6. Which of the following is a nitrogenous fertilizer?
(A) Urea
(B) Gypsum
(C) Sodium chloride
(D) Calcium carbonate
Answer: (A) Urea
7. The chemical formula of urea is:
(A) CO(NH₂)₂
(B) NH₄Cl
(C) NaNO₃
(D) CaCO₃
Answer: (A) CO(NH₂)₂
8. Which nutrient is particularly important for promoting leafy vegetative growth in plants?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Sodium
(C) Chlorine
(D) Silicon
Answer: (A) Nitrogen
9. NPK fertilizers supply:
(A) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
(B) Nitrogen, potassium and calcium
(C) Nickel, phosphorus and potassium
(D) Nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine
Answer: (A) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Medicines
10. Antacids are used to:
(A) Increase stomach acidity
(B) Neutralize excess stomach acid
(C) Increase blood pressure
(D) Prevent digestion
Answer: (B) Neutralize excess stomach acid
11. Which of the following can act as an antacid?
(A) Magnesium hydroxide
(B) Sodium chloride
(C) Copper sulphate
(D) Calcium sulphate
Answer: (A) Magnesium hydroxide
12. Aspirin is commonly used as:
(A) An analgesic and antipyretic
(B) An antibiotic only
(C) An antiseptic only
(D) An antacid
Answer: (A) An analgesic and antipyretic
13. Antibiotics are primarily used to:
(A) Kill or inhibit susceptible bacteria
(B) Increase blood sugar
(C) Neutralize stomach acid
(D) Increase body temperature
Answer: (A) Kill or inhibit susceptible bacteria
14. Which of the following is an antibiotic?
(A) Penicillin
(B) Paracetamol
(C) Aspirin
(D) Sodium bicarbonate
Answer: (A) Penicillin
15. Paracetamol is commonly used to reduce:
(A) Fever and mild-to-moderate pain
(B) Blood pressure only
(C) Acidity only
(D) Bacterial infection directly
Answer: (A) Fever and mild-to-moderate pain
Food Preservatives
16. The main purpose of food preservatives is to:
(A) Increase spoilage
(B) Prevent or slow food deterioration
(C) Increase water content
(D) Remove all nutrients
Answer: (B) Prevent or slow food deterioration
17. Which of the following is commonly used as a food preservative?
(A) Sodium benzoate
(B) Calcium sulphate
(C) Copper sulphate
(D) Sodium hydroxide
Answer: (A) Sodium benzoate
18. Sodium benzoate is particularly useful in preserving:
(A) Acidic foods and beverages
(B) Metals
(C) Glass
(D) Cement
Answer: (A) Acidic foods and beverages
19. Common salt helps preserve certain foods mainly by:
(A) Increasing available water
(B) Reducing water availability for microorganisms
(C) Producing oxygen
(D) Increasing acidity in every food
Answer: (B) Reducing water availability for microorganisms
Artificial Sweeteners
20. Saccharin is used as:
(A) An artificial sweetener
(B) A fertilizer
(C) A detergent
(D) A disinfectant
Answer: (A) An artificial sweetener
21. Which of the following is an artificial sweetener?
(A) Aspartame
(B) Sodium chloride
(C) Urea
(D) Calcium carbonate
Answer: (A) Aspartame
22. Artificial sweeteners are generally used to:
(A) Provide sweetness with relatively little or no sugar contribution depending on the sweetener
(B) Increase the salt content of food
(C) Prevent all bacterial growth
(D) Increase protein content
Answer: (A) Provide sweetness with relatively little or no sugar contribution depending on the sweetener
Cement
23. The principal raw materials used in the manufacture of cement include:
(A) Limestone and clay
(B) Sodium chloride and sugar
(C) Methane and oxygen
(D) Silica and pure carbon only
Answer: (A) Limestone and clay
24. The main constituent of limestone used in cement manufacture is:
(A) Calcium carbonate
(B) Sodium chloride
(C) Calcium chloride
(D) Sodium carbonate
Answer: (A) Calcium carbonate
25. Gypsum is added during cement manufacture mainly to:
(A) Control the setting time of cement
(B) Increase its colour
(C) Make it combustible
(D) Produce oxygen
Answer: (A) Control the setting time of cement
26. Cement becomes hard after mixing with water mainly because of:
(A) Chemical reactions and hydration
(B) Evaporation alone
(C) Melting
(D) Sublimation
Answer: (A) Chemical reactions and hydration
Glass
27. The major component of ordinary glass is:
(A) Silica
(B) Sodium chloride
(C) Calcium sulphate
(D) Carbon
Answer: (A) Silica
28. The chemical formula of silica is:
(A) SiO₂
(B) SO₂
(C) CaO
(D) Na₂O
Answer: (A) SiO₂
29. Which substance is commonly used as a raw material in glass manufacture?
(A) Silica
(B) Urea
(C) Methane
(D) Sodium bicarbonate only
Answer: (A) Silica
30. Borosilicate glass is valued particularly for:
(A) Resistance to thermal shock
(B) High solubility in water
(C) Easy combustion
(D) Very low melting point
Answer: (A) Resistance to thermal shock
Ceramics
31. Ceramics are generally produced by:
(A) Shaping and firing inorganic non-metallic materials
(B) Freezing metals
(C) Burning petroleum only
(D) Mixing gases under pressure
Answer: (A) Shaping and firing inorganic non-metallic materials
32. The major raw material traditionally used in many ceramic products is:
(A) Clay
(B) Petrol
(C) Sodium chloride
(D) Methane
Answer: (A) Clay
33. Ceramic materials are generally known for being:
(A) Hard and heat-resistant
(B) Highly combustible
(C) Easily dissolved in water
(D) Soft and elastic like rubber
Answer: (A) Hard and heat-resistant
34. Which of the following is a common application of ceramics?
(A) Tiles and pottery
(B) Petrol refining
(C) Food preservation only
(D) Manufacture of LPG
Answer: (A) Tiles and pottery
Dyes
35. Dyes are substances primarily used to:
(A) Give colour to materials
(B) Increase hardness of metals
(C) Purify water
(D) Produce electricity
Answer: (A) Give colour to materials
36. Synthetic dyes are widely used in:
(A) Textile industries
(B) Hydraulic brakes
(C) Refrigerators only
(D) Nuclear reactors
Answer: (A) Textile industries
37. Indigo is historically important as a:
(A) Blue dye
(B) Fertilizer
(C) Preservative
(D) Detergent
Answer: (A) Blue dye
Explosives
38. An explosive is a substance that can undergo a very rapid chemical reaction accompanied by:
(A) Rapid release of energy and gases
(B) Complete absence of energy release
(C) Only slow evaporation
(D) Freezing
Answer: (A) Rapid release of energy and gases
39. TNT stands for:
(A) Trinitrotoluene
(B) Trinitrotriazine
(C) Tetra Nitro Toluene
(D) Tri-Nitrogen Titanium
Answer: (A) Trinitrotoluene
40. Dynamite is historically associated with:
(A) Alfred Nobel
(B) Michael Faraday
(C) Joseph Priestley
(D) Louis Pasteur
Answer: (A) Alfred Nobel
41. Which of the following is an explosive compound?
(A) TNT
(B) Sodium chloride
(C) Calcium carbonate
(D) Silica
Answer: (A) TNT
42. The energy released by an explosive is primarily due to:
(A) Rapid chemical reaction
(B) Slow diffusion
(C) Evaporation of water
(D) Dissolution in water
Answer: (A) Rapid chemical reaction
43. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Urea — Nitrogenous fertilizer
(B) Teflon — Non-stick coating
(C) Sodium benzoate — Food preservative
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
44. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
(A) Gypsum — Controls setting of cement
(B) Silica — Major component of ordinary glass
(C) Saccharin — Artificial sweetener
(D) Urea — Artificial sweetener
Answer: (D) Urea — Artificial sweetener
45. Which substance is associated with the manufacture of cement?
(A) Limestone
(B) Clay
(C) Gypsum
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
46. Which of the following is correctly matched?
(A) Ceramics — Clay and firing
(B) Dyes — Colouring materials
(C) Explosives — Rapid energy release
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
47. Which substance is most closely associated with the production of ordinary glass?
(A) Silica
(B) Urea
(C) Methane
(D) Acetic acid
Answer: (A) Silica
48. Which of the following is primarily used to provide nitrogen to crops?
(A) Urea
(B) Gypsum
(C) Silica
(D) Teflon
Answer: (A) Urea
49. Which of the following is primarily used for controlling the setting time of cement?
(A) Gypsum
(B) Urea
(C) Sodium benzoate
(D) Saccharin
Answer: (A) Gypsum
50. Which of the following combinations is completely correct?
(A) Soap — Micelle formation
(B) Fertilizer — Plant nutrients
(C) Preservative — Prevents food spoilage
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Must-Memorize: Everyday Chemistry
| Substance / Material | Important use or fact |
|---|---|
| Soap | Cleansing; micelle formation |
| Detergent | Effective in hard water |
| Urea | Nitrogenous fertilizer |
| NPK | Nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium |
| Antacid | Neutralizes excess stomach acid |
| Penicillin | Antibiotic |
| Paracetamol | Fever/pain relief |
| Sodium benzoate | Food preservative |
| Saccharin | Artificial sweetener |
| Aspartame | Artificial sweetener |
| Limestone | Important raw material for cement |
| Gypsum | Controls cement setting |
| Silica (SiO₂) | Major component of ordinary glass |
| Borosilicate glass | Resistant to thermal shock |
| Clay | Major traditional ceramic raw material |
| Ceramics | Hard, heat-resistant materials |
| Indigo | Blue dye |
| TNT | Explosive |
| Dynamite | Associated with Alfred Nobel |