Carbohydrates, Proteins & Fats
1. Which nutrient is the body’s main immediate source of energy?
(A) Protein
(B) Fat
(C) Carbohydrate
(D) Vitamin
Answer: (C) Carbohydrate
Explanation: Carbohydrates are generally the body’s primary and readily available energy source.
2. Which of the following is a simple sugar?
(A) Glucose
(B) Starch
(C) Cellulose
(D) Glycogen
Answer: (A) Glucose
3. The storage form of carbohydrate in animals is:
(A) Starch
(B) Glycogen
(C) Cellulose
(D) Sucrose
Answer: (B) Glycogen
4. Which nutrient is primarily required for growth and repair of body tissues?
(A) Protein
(B) Carbohydrate
(C) Vitamin C
(D) Water
Answer: (A) Protein
5. The basic building blocks of proteins are:
(A) Fatty acids
(B) Amino acids
(C) Glucose molecules
(D) Glycerol only
Answer: (B) Amino acids
6. Which nutrient provides the highest energy per gram?
(A) Carbohydrates
(B) Proteins
(C) Fats
(D) Vitamins
Answer: (C) Fats
Explanation: Fat provides about 9 kcal/g, whereas carbohydrates and proteins provide about 4 kcal/g.
7. Which of the following is an important function of dietary fat?
(A) It provides energy and helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins
(B) It directly forms haemoglobin
(C) It prevents all infections
(D) It produces digestive enzymes only
Answer: (A) It provides energy and helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins
8. Which vitamin is essential for normal vision, especially in dim light?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin B₁₂
(C) Vitamin C
(D) Vitamin K
Answer: (A) Vitamin A
9. Deficiency of vitamin A can cause:
(A) Scurvy
(B) Night blindness
(C) Beriberi
(D) Rickets
Answer: (B) Night blindness
10. Vitamin B₁ deficiency causes:
(A) Beriberi
(B) Scurvy
(C) Rickets
(D) Pellagra
Answer: (A) Beriberi
11. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin B₁
(C) Vitamin C
(D) Vitamin D
Answer: (C) Vitamin C
12. Vitamin D is important for:
(A) Blood clotting only
(B) Calcium absorption and bone health
(C) Night vision
(D) Formation of antibodies only
Answer: (B) Calcium absorption and bone health
13. Deficiency of vitamin D in children can cause:
(A) Rickets
(B) Scurvy
(C) Beriberi
(D) Pellagra
Answer: (A) Rickets
14. Which vitamin plays an important role in blood clotting?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K
Answer: (D) Vitamin K
15. Which vitamin is commonly associated with the prevention of megaloblastic anaemia and neurological problems?
(A) Vitamin B₁₂
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K
Answer: (A) Vitamin B₁₂
16. Which group consists entirely of fat-soluble vitamins?
(A) B, C
(B) A, D, E, K
(C) B, D, C
(D) C, E, B
Answer: (B) A, D, E, K
Minerals
17. Which mineral is essential for the formation of haemoglobin?
(A) Calcium
(B) Iron
(C) Iodine
(D) Sodium
Answer: (B) Iron
18. Iron deficiency commonly causes:
(A) Anaemia
(B) Goitre
(C) Rickets
(D) Scurvy
Answer: (A) Anaemia
19. Iodine is essential for the production of:
(A) Insulin
(B) Thyroid hormones
(C) Haemoglobin
(D) Bile
Answer: (B) Thyroid hormones
20. Deficiency of iodine may result in:
(A) Goitre
(B) Scurvy
(C) Beriberi
(D) Rickets
Answer: (A) Goitre
21. Which mineral is especially important for bones and teeth?
(A) Calcium
(B) Iron
(C) Iodine
(D) Sodium
Answer: (A) Calcium
22. Which mineral is important for normal nerve function and fluid balance?
(A) Sodium
(B) Iron
(C) Iodine
(D) Fluorine only
Answer: (A) Sodium
Balanced Diet
23. A balanced diet is one that:
(A) Contains only carbohydrates and proteins
(B) Provides all essential nutrients in appropriate amounts
(C) Contains maximum fat
(D) Contains only plant-based foods
Answer: (B) Provides all essential nutrients in appropriate amounts
24. Which of the following is not considered a major nutrient that provides energy?
(A) Carbohydrate
(B) Protein
(C) Fat
(D) Vitamin
Answer: (D) Vitamin
25. Dietary fibre is particularly important because it:
(A) Helps normal bowel movement
(B) Provides more energy than fat
(C) Produces haemoglobin
(D) Replaces all vitamins
Answer: (A) Helps normal bowel movement
26. Which food is particularly rich in proteins?
(A) Pulses
(B) Sugar
(C) Cooking oil
(D) Salt
Answer: (A) Pulses
27. Which combination contains mainly carbohydrate-rich foods?
(A) Rice and potatoes
(B) Fish and eggs
(C) Butter and oil
(D) Meat and pulses
Answer: (A) Rice and potatoes
Deficiency Diseases
28. A person with swollen and bleeding gums may be suffering from deficiency of:
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K
Answer: (B) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, which can lead to bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
29. Which deficiency disease is associated with severe protein-energy malnutrition and oedema?
(A) Kwashiorkor
(B) Scurvy
(C) Rickets
(D) Beriberi
Answer: (A) Kwashiorkor
30. Which of the following correctly matches the nutrient deficiency with the disease?
(A) Vitamin C — Scurvy
(B) Vitamin D — Rickets
(C) Iron — Anaemia
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above
Must-Memorize Nutrition Table
| Nutrient/Vitamin/Mineral | Main Function | Deficiency |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | Main energy source | — |
| Protein | Growth & tissue repair | Protein-energy malnutrition |
| Fat | Energy + absorption of A, D, E, K | — |
| Vitamin A | Vision, epithelial health | Night blindness |
| Vitamin B₁ | Energy metabolism, nerve function | Beriberi |
| Vitamin B₃ | Energy metabolism | Pellagra |
| Vitamin B₁₂ | RBC formation, nervous system | Megaloblastic anaemia, neurological problems |
| Vitamin C | Collagen formation, wound healing | Scurvy |
| Vitamin D | Calcium absorption, bones | Rickets/osteomalacia |
| Vitamin E | Antioxidant functions | Deficiency uncommon |
| Vitamin K | Blood clotting | Bleeding tendency |
| Iron | Haemoglobin formation | Anaemia |
| Iodine | Thyroid hormones | Goitre |
| Calcium | Bones, teeth, muscles | Weak bones |
| Fibre | Healthy bowel function | Constipation risk |
| Water | Transport, temperature regulation | Dehydration |
High-Frequency Competitive Exam Associations
Carbohydrate → Energy
Protein → Growth & repair
Fat → 9 kcal/g
Glucose → Immediate energy
Glycogen → Animal carbohydrate storage
Vitamin A → Night blindness
Vitamin B₁ → Beriberi
Vitamin B₃ → Pellagra
Vitamin C → Scurvy
Vitamin D → Rickets
Vitamin K → Blood clotting
Iron → Haemoglobin
Iodine → Thyroxine
Calcium → Bones and teeth
Balanced diet → All essential nutrients in appropriate amounts